week 17

vocabulary   unit  12  ch. 23 to 24 

1 accordingly  adv

Definition : therefore; so; in due course

2 conventional  adj

Definition : conforming or adhering to accepted standards

3 devoted   adj

Definition : zealous or ardent in attachment, loyalty

4 durable  adj

Definition : able to resist wear, decay

5 end user  n

Definition : the ultimate user for whom a machine, as a computer, or product

6 enterprising   adj

Definition : ready to undertake projects of importance or difficulty

7 household name  n

Definition : a person or thing that is very well known

8 in debt  adj

Definition : having debts; having much debt; owing money

9 install   v

Definition : to place in position or connect for service or use: to install a heating system

10 nutritious  adj

Definition : providing nourishment

11 plug in  adj

Definition : capable of or designed for being connected to an electrical power source

12 roll up sleeves

Definition : to prepare for hard work

13 run by

Definition : to tell someone your ideas so that they can give you their opinion

14 sole   v

Definition : being the only one

15 strike a deal

Definition : to reach an agreement on a price or negotiation (for something).

16 backpacking  v

Definition : to go on a hike, using a backpack

17 cave   n

Definition : a hollow in the earth

18 charitable adj

Definition : generous in donations or gifts to relieve the needs of indigent, ill,

19 coup  n

Definition : a highly successful, unexpected stroke, act

20 daring   n

Definition : adventurous courage; boldness.

21 disclose   v

Definition : to make known; reveal or uncover

22 entertain   v

Definition : to hold the attention of pleasantly or agreeably

23 filter   n

Definition : any substance, as cloth, paper, porous porcelain, or a layer of charcoal

24 insecticide   n

Definition : a substance or preparation used for killing insects.

25 refugee   n

Definition : a person who flees for refuge or safety

week 15

vocabulary   unit  11  ch. 21 to 22

1 channel  n

Definition : the bed of a stream, river, or other waterway

2 distorted  adj

Definition : not truly or completely representing the facts or reality

3 distracted  adj

Definition : having the attention diverted

4 drawback  n

Definition : a hindrance or disadvantage

5 exception n

Definition : the act of excepting or the fact of being excepted

6 impair  v

Definition : to grow or become worse; lessen

7 on the go 

Definition : very busy; active

8 readily  adv

Definition : promptly; quickly; easily

9 recollection  n

Definition : the act or power of recollecting, or recalling to mind

10 rural  adj

Definition : living in the country

11 simultaneously  adv

Definition : existing, occurring, or operating at the same time

12 switch  n

Definition : a slender, flexible shoot, rod

13 audibly  adv

Definition : capable of being heard; loud enough to be heard

14 build up  v

Definition : to establish, increase, or strengthen

15 consistently  adv

Definition : agreeing or accordant; compatible

16 in favor of  n

Definition : something done or granted out of goodwill, rather than from justice or for remuneration

17 inefficiency  n

Definition : the quality or condition of being inefficient

18 long-term  adj

Definition : covering a relatively long period of time

19 operate  v

Definition : to work, perform, or function, as a machine does

20 perception  n

Definition : immediate or intuitive recognition or appreciation

21 range  n

Definition : the extent to which or the limits between which variation is possible

22 rotate   v

Definition : to cause to go through a cycle of changes

23 run risks  v

Definition : to make possible a particular result

24 on a regular basis

Definition : in a regular manner;

week 14

vocabulary  unit 10  ch. 19 to 20

1 abandon  v

Definition : to leave completely and finally

2 abuse  v

Definition : to use wrongly or improperly; misuse

3 collapse v

Definition : to fall or cave in; crumble suddenly

4 drought  n

Definition : a period of dry weather

5 harsh  adj

Definition : ungentle and unpleasant in action or effect

6 linked to  v

Definition : caused by, due to

7 out of the question  n

Definition : a sentence in an interrogative form

8 resources  n

Definition : a source of supply, support, or aid, especially one that can be readily drawn upon when needed.

9 settlement  n

Definition : the act or state of settling or the state of being settled.

10 spray  n

Definition : water or other liquid broken up into minute droplets

11 standard of living  n

Definition : a grade or level of subsistence and comfort in everyday life enjoyed by a community, class, or individual

12 starvation  n

Definition : the act or state of starving; condition of being starved

13 breeze  n

Definition : a wind or current of air, especially a light or moderate one.

14 dust  n

Definition : earth or other matter in fine, dry particles

15 flush out  v

Definition : to cause it to leave a hiding place 

16 generate  v

Definition : to bring into existence; cause to be; produce

17 humid  n

Definition : containing a high amount of water or water vapor

18 microclimate  n

Definition : the climate of a small area, as of confined spaces such as caves

19 orient  n

Definition : the countries of Asia

20 outskirts  n

Definition : the outlying district or region,

21 pedestrian  n

Definition : a person who goes or travels on foot; walker

22 promising  v

Definition : giving favorable promise; likely to turn out well

23 renewable  adj

Definition : able to be renewed

24 self-sufficient  adj

Definition : able to supply one's own or its own needs without external assistance

25 take over

Definition : to get into one's hold or possession by voluntary action

week 13

vocabulary   unit  9  ch. 17 to 18

1 charge   v

Definition : to impose or ask as a price or fee

2 foe n

Definition : a person who feels enmity

3 formidable adj

Definition : causing fear, apprehension, or dread

4 frailty  n

Definition : moral weakness; liability to yield to temptation

5 gaze  v

Definition : to look steadily and intently, as with great curiosity, interest,

6 grunt  v

Definition : to utter a similar sound      

7 hold your ground  v

Definition : to maintain one's position; be steadfast

8 majestic  adj

Definition : characterized by or possessing majesty

9 mating season  n

Definition : the seasonal period when a female animal's estrous cycle is active

10 menacing  n

Definition : something that threatens to cause evil, harm, injury

11 nostrils  n

Definition : either of the two external openings of the nose

12 retreat  v

Definition : the act of withdrawing, as into safety or privacy

13 sideways  adj

Definition : with a side foremost

14 snarl  v

Definition : to growl threateningly or viciously

15 spine-chilling  adj

Definition : very frightening or horrifying

16 come clean  v

Definition : to tell the truth

17 despair  n

Definition : loss of hope; hopelessness

18 fury  adj

Definition : unrestrained or violent anger, rage, passion, or the like

19 growl  v

Definition : to utter a deep guttural sound of anger or hostility

20 in the same boat

Definition : in the same circumstances; faced with the same problems

21 intently  adv

Definition : having the attention sharply focused or fixed on something

22 outlast  v

Definition : to endure or last longer than

23 petrifying  v

Definition : to convert into stone or a stony substance

24 rusty  adj

Definition : covered with or affected by rust

25 tame  adj

Definition : changed from the wild or savage state

week 12

vocabulary   unit 8  ch. 15 to 16

1 float  v

Definition : to rest or remain on the surface of a liquid

2 displace  v

Definition : to move or put out of the usual or proper place

3 domestic  adj

Definition : devoted to home life or household affairs

4 layout  n

Definition : an arrangement or plan

5 maintenance  n

Definition : means of upkeep, support, or subsistence

6 movement  n

Definition : the act, process, or result of moving

7 partition  n

Definition : a division into or distribution in portions or shares

8 practical  adj

Definition : of or relating to practice or action

9 prior  adj

Definition : preceding in time or in order

10 storage  n

Definition : capacity or space for storing

11 impose on  v

Definition : to lay on or set as something to be borne, endured

12 mount  v

Definition : to go up; climb; ascend

13 ongoing  adj

Definition : continuing without termination or interruption

14 radiance  n

Definition : warm, cheerful brightness

15 shift  v

Definition : to put (something) aside and replace it by another or others; change or exchange

16 shortage  n

Definition : a deficiency in quantity

17 suspend  v

Definition : to hang by attachment to something above

18 tear down  v

Definition : to pull down; destroy; demolish

19 transformation  n

Definition : the act or process of transforming

20 countertop  n

Definition : a counter, as in a kitchen

21 stove  n

Definition : a portable or fixed apparatus that furnishes heat for warmth, cooking

22 hallway  n

Definition : a corridor, as in a building

week 8

vocabulary   unit 7  ch. 13 to 14

1 being  n

Definition : the fact of existing

2 credible  adj

Definition : capable of being believed

3 criteria  n

Definition : a standard of judgment or criticism

4 dismiss  v

Definition : to discharge or remove

5 envy   n

Definition : a feeling of discontent or covetousness with regard to another's advantages, success, possessions

6 essential  adj

Definition : absolutely necessary; indispensable

7 extraterrestrial  n

Definition : outside, or originating outside, the limits of the earth

8 galaxy  n

Definition : a large system of stars held together by mutual gravitation and isolated from similar systems by vast regions of space

9 launch  v

Definition : to set (a boat or ship) in the water

10 mainstream  n

Definition : the principal or dominant course, tendency, or trend

11 orbit  n

Definition : the usual course of one's life or range of one's activities.

12 account  n

Definition : an oral or written description of particular events or situations

13 fabric  n

Definition : a cloth made by weaving, knitting

14 fundamental  adj

Definition : serving as, or being an essential part of, a foundation

15 literally  adv

Definition : actually; without exaggeration or inaccuracy

16 overestimate  v

Definition : to estimate at too high a value

17 planetarium  n

Definition : an apparatus or model representing the planetary system

18 probe  v

Definition : to search into or examine thoroughly; question closely

19 prompt  adj

Definition : done, performed, delivered

20 punch  n

Definition : a thrusting blow

21 shortcut  n

Definition : a shorter or quicker way

22 skepticism  n

Definition : doubt or unbelief with regard to a religion

23 vast  adj

Definition : of very great area or extent

24 worthy  adj

Definition : having adequate or great merit, character, or value

week 7

vocabulary   unit 6  ch. 11 to 12

1 curriculum  n

Definition : the regular or a particular course of study in a school, college

2 dedicated  adj

Definition : wholly committed to something

3 defrost  v

Definition : to become free of ice or frost

4 exhort  v

Definition : to give urgent advice, recommendations

5 follow suit  

Definition : follow someone’s behavior

6 fossil fuel  n

Definition : any combustible organic material, as oil, coal, or natural gas, derived from the remains of former life.

7 made from scratch

Definition : made from natural material

8 organic   adj

Definition : noting or pertaining to a class of chemical compounds that formerly comprised only those existing in or derived from plants or animals

9 overhaul  v

Definition : to make necessary repairs on

10 produce  v

Definition : to make

11 remodel  v

Definition : to reconstruct; make over.

12 spacious  adj

Definition : containing much space

13 stock  n

Definition : a supply of goods kept on hand for sale to customers by a merchant

14 acre  n

Definition : a common measure of area

15 advocate   v

Definition : to speak or write in favor of

16 cite  v

Definition : to quote (a passage, book, author, etc.)

17 consumption  n

Definition : the act of consuming, as by use, decay, or destruction

18 digest  v

Definition : to convert (food) in the alimentary canal into absorbable form for assimilation into the system

19 grain n

Definition : a small, hard seed, especially the seed of a food plant

20 objection  n

Definition : a reason or argument offered in disagreement

21 on the defensive  adj

Definition : Prepared for withstanding aggression or attack

22 reluctantly  adv

Definition : unwilling; disinclined

23 texture  n

Definition : texture

24 wiling  n

Definition : a trick, artifice, or stratagem meant to fool, trap

week 6

vocabulary  unit 5  ch. 9 to 10

1 digit  n

Definition : a finger or toe.

2 disfiguring  v

Definition : to mar the appearance or beauty of; deform; deface

3 drain  v

Definition : to withdraw or draw off (a liquid) gradually

4 insight  n

Definition : an instance of apprehending the true nature of a thing

5 look back  v

Definition : to review past events; return in thought

6 psyche  n

Definition : the human soul, spirit, or mind

7 simplicity  n

Definition : the state, quality, or an instance of being simple

8 skin  n

Definition : the external covering or integument of an animal body, especially when soft and flexible

9 solemnly  adv

Definition : grave, sober, or mirthless, as a person

10 soul   n

Definition : the principle of life, feeling, thought, and action in humans

11 turn  v

Definition : to cause to move around on an axis or about a cente

12 wizard  n

Definition : a person who practices magic; magician or sorcerer

13 anticipate  v

Definition : to realize beforehand

14 breakthrough  v

Definition : any significant or sudden advance, development, achievement

15 flexibility  n

Definition : capable of being bent, usually without breaking

16 in sum 

Definition : used for giving a summary of what you have said

17 likelihood  n

Definition : the state of being likely

18 one thing leads to another

Definition : cause of something

19 purse

Definition : a small bag, pouch, or case for carrying money

20 spare  v

Definition : to refrain from harming or destroying

21 strenuous  adj

Definition : characterized by vigorous exertion, as action, efforts, life

22 take up  v

Definition : to undertake; assume

23 volunteer  n

Definition : a person who performs a service willingly and without pay.

24 come down with  v

Definition : to support or favor

week 5

vocabulary  unit 4   ch. 7 to 8

1 assume  v

Definition : to take for granted or without proof

2 diameter  n

Definition : the length of such a line

3 ecosystem  n

Definition : a system, or a group of interconnected elements, formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their environment

4 emerge  v

Definition : to come forth into view or notice, as from concealment or obscurity

5 frontier  n

Definition : the part of a country that borders another country; boundary

6 giant  adj

Definition : unusually large, great, or strong; gigantic; huge

7 limb  n

Definition : a part or member of an animal body distinct from the head and trunk, as a leg, arm, or wing

8 manage to  v

Definition : to bring about or succeed in accomplishing

9 penetrate  v

Definition : to pierce or pass into or through

10 rot   v

Definition : to undergo decomposition

11 alert  adj

Definition : fully aware and attentive

12 bush  n

Definition : a low plant with many branches that arise from or near the ground

13 cylinder  n

Definition : a surface or solid bounded by two parallel planes and generated by a straight line moving parallel to the given planes

14 desperately  adv

Definition : having an urgent need, desire

15 foliage   n

Definition : the leaves of a plant

16 gap  n

Definition : a break or opening, as in a fence

17 grab  v

Definition : to seize suddenly or quickly

18 gravity  n

Definition : heaviness or weight

19 layer  n

Definition : a thickness of some material laid on or spread over a surface

20 lean  v

Definition : to incline or bend from a vertical position

21 leap  v

Definition : to spring through the air from one point or position to another; jump

22 shrug  v

Definition : to raise and contract (the shoulders), expressing indifference, disdain

23 swing  v

Definition : to cause to move to and from

24 tangle  v

Definition : to bring together into a mass of confusedly interlaced

25 work away  v

Definition : to study or examine thoroughly

week 4

vocabulary   unit 3  ch. 5 to 6

1 consideration  n

Definition : the act of considering; careful thought

2 grief   v

Definition : keen mental suffering or distress over affliction or loss

3 helpless  adj

Definition : unable to help oneself

4 impulsive  adj

Definition : actuated or swayed by emotional

5 manipulate  v

Definition : to manage or influence skillfully, especially in an unfair manner

6 manners  n

Definition : a way of doing, being done, or happening

7 proceed  v

Definition : to move or go forward or onward, especially after stopping.

8 reinforce  v

Definition : to strengthen with some added piece, support, or material

9 scream at the top of lungs  adj

Definition : scream loudly

10 slam  v

Definition : to shut with force and noise

11 wail  v

Definition : to make mournful sounds, as music or the wind

12 writhe  v

Definition : to twist the body about, or squirm, as in pain, violent effort

13 authoritative       adj

Definition : having due authority; having the sanction or weight of authority

14 clear throat   v

Definition : someone is going to speak

15 jerk  v

Definition : any sudden, quick movement of the body

16 moan  n

Definition : a prolonged, low, inarticulate sound

17 poll  n

Definition : Usually, polls. the place where votes are taken

18 propel  v

Definition : to drive, or cause to move, forward or onward

19 remainder n

Definition : something that remains or is left

20 remedy  n

Definition : something that corrects or removes an evil of any kind.

21 sob  v

Definition : to weep with a convulsive catching of the breath.

22 steady  adj

Definition : even or regular in movement

23 straighten up  v

Definition : to make or become straight in direction

24 with ease  n

Definition : freedom from labor, pain

25 pleadingly  adv

Definition : the act of a person who pleads

week 3

Vocabulary unit 2   ch. 3 to 4

1 affectionately  adv

Definition : having great affection or love

2 bloom  n

Definition : a glow or flush on the cheek indicative of youth and health:

3 clamor  n

Definition : a loud uproar, as from a crowd of people

4 drudgery  n

Definition : menial, distasteful, dull, or hard work

5 fade  v

Definition : to lose brightness or vividness of color

6 self-sustaining  v

Definition : self-supporting

7 shade  n

Definition : the comparative darkness caused by the interception or screening of rays of light

8 story  n

Definition : a narrative, either true or fictitious

9 strain  v

Definition : to draw tight or taut, especially to the utmost tension

10 sway   v

Definition : to move or swing to and fro, as something fixed at one end or resting on a support

11 urban  n

Definition : of, relating to, or designating a city or town

12 wander  v

Definition : to ramble without a definite purpose or objective

13 weed  n

Definition : a valueless plant growing wild

14 affair  n

Definition : anything done or to be done

15 bring up  v

Definition : to carry, convey, conduct, or cause (someone or something) to come with

16 dose

Definition : a quantity of medicine prescribed to be taken at one time.

17 gorgeous  adj

Definition : extremely good, enjoyable, or pleasant

18 in exchange for

Definition : in exchange for

19 lose track of  v

Definition : to lose contact with someone

20 mineral  n

Definition : any of a class of substances occurring in nature

21 profound  v

Definition : penetrating or entering deeply into subjects of thought or knowledge

22 recount  v

Definition : to narrate in order

23 rough  adj

Definition : having a coarse or uneven surface

24 settle for  v

Definition : to place in a desired state or in order

25 transplant  v

Definition :  to remove (a plant) from one place and plant it in another.

week 2

vocabulary (unit 1 and 2 )

1 catchy  adj

Definition : pleasing and easy to remember

2 get rid of  v

Definition : to throw away, give away that you don’t want

3 hum  n

Definition : to make a low, continuous, droning sound.

4 susceptible  adj

Definition : admitting or capable of some specified treatment

5 earworm   n

Definition : a tune or part of a song that repeats in one’s mind.

6 associated  v

Definition : to connect or bring into relation, as thought, feeling, memory

7 consciousness  n

Definition : the thoughts and feelings, collectively, of an individual or of an aggregate of people

8 device  n

Definition : a plan or scheme for effecting a purpose

9 familiar  adj

Definition : commonly or generally known or seen

10 function  n

Definition : the kind of action or activity proper to a person, thing

11 infect  v

Definition : to affect with disease

12 invade  adj

Definition : to enter like an enemy

13 itch  adj

Definition : to have or feel a peculiar tingling or uneasy irritation of the skin

14 acoustic  adj

Definition : designed for controlling sound.

15 beam n

Definition : any of various relatively long pieces of metal, wood, stone

16 deafening  v

Definition : to stun or overwhelm with noise

17 frequency  n

Definition : rate of occurrence

18 high-pitched  n

Definition : emotionally intense

19 innovation   n

Definition : something new or different introduced

20 lethal   n

Definition : made or carried out to cause death:

21 offensive   adj

Definition : unpleasant or disagreeable to the sense

22 restore   v

Definition : to give back; make return

23 temporarily   adv

Definition : not permanent

24 phenomenon   n

Definition : a fact, occurrence, or circumstance observed

25 subjected   adj

Definition : being under domination, control, or influence